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The History Of Nursing And Its Practices - 1547 Words

The history of nursing and its practices are very historic and can be noted that it started at the beginning of human life. Prior to the Greek and Roman times, ancient Egyptians are credited to have created over 700 therapeutic therapies that were used for multiple health concerns. The advancements continued but were quickly stopped after the Roman Empire was conquered and the Dark Ages had begun. All knowledge that was still accessible about health care was done so and was continued through the works of Jewish physicians. (Kalisch and Kalisch, 1986). Through the rise of Christianity, the Holy Wars, and the Victorian Era; nursing practice was growing tremendously through evidence based practice (EBP). The most common example of EBP we learn about today is the legacy of Florence Nightingale. Based on her knowledge of effective nursing practice she was able to reduce the death rate of soldiers by two-thirds in the Crimean War by simply improving the unsanitary conditions around the are a. Her works started a health care reform around the world and still to this day her ideas and dreams are still being influenced in the nursing field. Since her time through EBP more scientific and technological advances have been made. â€Å"One could argue that nothing will change the way nursing is practiced more than current advances in technology (Huston, 2013)† The current advances in technology in nursing has changed the healthcare field tremendously. I am amazed at the progress that isShow MoreRelatedThe History Of Nursing Practice1613 Words   |  7 PagesThe history of nursing is fundamentally the foundation of nursing today. Historical nursing leaders have paved the way for our nurses in the 21st century by their views, dedication, and achievements. Not only have these leaders paved the way for nursing as a profession, but they have also instilled historical changes in health care and in our society overall. The current definition of nursing today is â€Å"the pr otection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness andRead MoreNursing Practice History And Evolution976 Words   |  4 PagesNursing Practice History and Evolution â€Å"The story of knowledge of multiple sclerosis is like a history of medicine in miniature† (Putnam, 1938, p. 806). My story began eighteen years ago, sitting in a University of Iowa neurologist’s exam room, awaiting the results of a magnetic resonance image of my brain. I was a twenty-six year old Caucasian female from rural Iowa and a recent nursing college graduate. However, I heard the neurologist’s explanation why his assessment revealed a multiple sclerosisRead MoreHistory Of Nursing Practice : Agatha Cobourg Hodgins, And Adda Eldredge Nursing1372 Words   |  6 PagesSignificance Nursing has changed over time from the instruments that are used, the process that procedures are done, and many medical advances. Nursing back in the Florence Nightingale days did not have specialties like we do today either. Nursing has a whole has progressed significantly since then. I believe that the history of nursing is important because we as nurses need to know where we come from and how this profession became what it is today. Without many prominent nurses such as FlorenceRead MoreThe Paradox Of Nursing Regulation904 Words   |  4 Pagesabout a nursing degree. As I was reading the Paradox of Nursing Regulation article I realized why is it so important for an individual to practice Nursing with a license and without a license. In this essay I am going to summarize the article by talking about the history of nursing licensure, the nursing practice act, some of the recommendations, and some of my suggestions for the problems. The history if Nursing Licensure From my understanding of the article a nurse should practice withinRead MoreHistorical Development of Nursing1368 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING 1 Historical Development of Nursing Valerie Spalding Theoretical Foundations of Practice NUR 513 May 31, 2014 Dr. Noura Kassis HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING 2 Historical Development of Nursing The development of nursing has made giant leaps throughout the last century. Starting with Florence Nightingale, the history of nursing will be discussed. A few significant events, theories and theoristsRead MoreHistorical Development of Nursing1381 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING 1 Historical Development of Nursing Valerie Spalding Theoretical Foundations of Practice NUR 513 May 31, 2014 Dr. Noura Kassis HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING 2 Historical Development of Nursing The development of nursing has made giant leaps throughout the last century. Starting with Florence Nightingale, the history of nursing will be discussed. A few significant events, theories and theoristsRead MoreNursing in the Classroom1608 Words   |  6 Pagesmaterial on the history of nursing in the world, the Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing is uniquely situated to create research and scholarship that will position nursing history as central to debates about health policy and practice. The Center provides a broad array of educational opportunities across the School and University, nation and the world. Center faculty members are known for their mentorship and are highly sought after as history of nursing and health policyRead MoreHistorical Development of Nursing Timeline1181 Words   |  5 PagesHistorical Development of Nursing Timeline NUR/513 Theoretical Foundations of Practice Historical Development of Nursing Timeline With this paper the focus was on the authors focus on important nursing events from a historical perspective. In the early beginnings of nursing, religion played an important role since religious servants often provided healthcare services to the local communities. Nightingale obtained her education in Germany with Deaconess in Kaiserswerth (Gustafsson amp; Engstrà ¶mRead MoreThe History of Nursing Essay817 Words   |  4 PagesThe History of Nursing Many people believe that Nursing started with Florence Nightingale, however nursing itself dates back to the beginnings of motherhood when nurses were traditionally female. In fact, nursing and medicine have been closely intertwined throughout the ages. The history of nursing has its origins in the care of infants and children, so all mothers were in fact nurses. Gradually an evolution started developing into dedicated caregivers who practiced the art. In fact, nursing hasRead MoreThe History of Nursing Science1076 Words   |  4 Pagespinpoint the roots of nursing. The motivations and concerns that underlie the nursing practice care, compassion, the need to ensure the health and happiness of others seem hardwired into our human nature, and have expressed themselves in a multitude of ways throughout human history, from mothers tending to their sick children to soldiers caring for their wounded brothers on the battlefield. But nursing science, the body of knowledge that has both aris en from and informed the nursing profession as we now

The Topic In Pakistani Perspective Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Zimmerman reveals that TB was at that place in the mas of the 3000 old ages ago Egypt. Millet et al. , high spots that harmonizing to WHO estimates, in 2010 there were 8. We will write a custom essay sample on The Topic In Pakistani Perspective Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now 8 million new instances of TB ( TB ) and 1.5 million deceases. As Terbium has been classically associated with poorness, overcrowding and malnutrition. Therefore, low income states and disadvantaged countries, within large metropoliss in developed states, present the highest Terbium incidences and TB mortality rates. On the other manus, diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions worldwide, puting a significant load on health care services. Sullivan and Amor ( 2012 ) reveals that in recent old ages, strong grounds has been gathered to corroborate a nexus between TB and diabetes mellitus. In the first half of the twentieth century there were surveies that show the association between the diabetes and TB. Harmonizing to Ruslami, Aarnoutse, Alisjahbana, Ven and Crevel ( 2010 ) this association was neglected in the 2nd half of the twentieth century because of the coming of widely available intervention for both diseases. In the last decennaries, with the current planetary growing of diabetes, the nexus between TB and DM is re-emerging. That nexus had been suspected for centuries. Many surveies now show that diabetes may be associated with an increased hazard of developing active TB. and that TB patients who besides have diabetes may hold higher rates of intervention failure and decease. Restrepo et Al. ( 2011 ) says that the part of diabetes to the load of TB may be more conspicuous in states where both diseases are extremely prevailing: Bangladesh, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, and the Russian Federation are high-burden states and rank among the 10 states with the highest Numberss of diabetes patients and besides classified as high-burden for TB. Pakistan is one of the 4 staying states with endemic infantile paralysis and the 6th highest with load of TB. Search Scheme PubMed, CINHYL information bases, Springer nexus, Google bookman, SAGE diaries are searched. The cardinal footings, hunt engines, retrieved day of the month, filters, hunt strings and consequences found are given in the appendix A. The inclusion exclusion Criteria is discussed in the flow chart of appendix 2. Since the survey is related to the diabetes and TB, therefore the articles are chosen that discuss the relation of the two diseases and the clinical manifestation or the intervention modes of the patients. Aim of the survey This literature reappraisal aimed to find the association between the Diabetes and TB and to research the aggravating factors which indicate hapless TB intervention and diabetes control which lead to hapless results in patient attention. The emerging issues in Pakistan Ali et Al. Z. ( 2011 ) argues that the extensively drug-resistant TB ( XDR-TB ) has emerged as a major public wellness job worldwide. In add-on to this the multidrug-resistant ( MDR ) Mycobacterium TB strains are immune to at least the first-line anti-tuberculosis agents, Rifadin ( RIF ) and INH ( INH ) . says that Terbium remains the 2nd prima cause of decease in the universe and the per centum of multidrug-resistant TB ( MDRTB: resistant to at least INH and Rifadin ) among new TB instances seems to be stable at an estimated 3.4 % , at the same clip as 20 % of antecedently treated instances are MDR-TB Simultaneously Hakeem and Fawwad ( 2010 ) argues that the epidemiology and determiners of diabetes in Pakistan have peculiar combination of hazard factors. Strong cistron and environment interplay along with in-utero scheduling in context of low birth weight and gestational diabetes are the chief subscribers of a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Pakistan. The existent load of diabetes is due to its chronic complications taking to increased morbidity and mortality. Viswanathan et al. , ( 2012 ) stress that about tierce of worldaa‚ ¬a„?s population is infected with Mycobacterium TB and about 10 % of them are at hazard of developing active signifier of the disease in their life-time depending upon the interaction of the epidemiological three [ 1,2 ] . Available studies suggest that 95 % of patients with TB live in the low- and middle-income states and more than 70 % of patients with DM besides live in the same states, particularly in South East Asia. Importance of the Topic in Pakistani Perspective says that Pakistan ranks fifth among the states with highest load of TB in the universe and contributes to about 63 % of TB load in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Estimated prevalence and incidence of TB in Pakistan is 310/100 000 and 231/100 000, severally. On the other manus the portions that It is estimated that in 2030, half of the 333 million people populating with diabetes will be from Asia entirely. Pakistan is an Asiatic state surrounding the Arabian Sea with a population of over 176 million as estimated in July 2009 [ 3 ] . The epidemic of diabetes is peculiarly relevant to Pakistan. Surveies from different parts of the state have estimated a prevalence of 6 % in work forces and 3.5 % in adult females populating in urban countries. In another survey Jayawardena et al. , ( 2012 ) reveals that diabetes is 9.3 % in males and 11.1 % in females prevalent in urban population of Pakistan whereas rural males are affected 10.1 % . Body Peoples with a weak immune system, as a consequence of chronic diseases such as diabetes, are at a higher hazard of come oning from latent to active Terbium says that the dominant manifestation of diabetes mellitus is hyperglycaemia which is responsible to prefer the growing, viability and extension of tubercle B. Furthermore, Sen et Al. ( 2009 ) it was thought that the attendant addition in dextrose in the tissues resulted in reduced opposition to infection in situ and besides in impaired fix capacity. Predilection to infection was besides attributed to local tissue acidosis and instability of electrolytes. In add-on to this, Geerlings and Hoepelman ( 1999 ) proposed that neutrophils from people with diabetes had reduced chemotaxis and oxidative killing possible than those of non-diabetic controls, and besides the leukocyte bactericidal activity was reduced in people with diabetes, particularly those with hapless glucose control. Sen et Al. ( 2009 ) says that another cause of increased susceptibleness is due to reduced production of interleukin-1 beta, and tumour mortification factor by the peripheral blood monocytes in patients with TB and co-existent diabetes mellitus. Hussain and Hussain says that the likely cause of increased incidence of pneumonic TB in diabetics could be due to desert in host defences and immune cell maps, with predominately engagement of cell mediated immune response. In diabetics, infection with tubercle B leads to farther change in cytokines, monocyte aa‚ ¬ † macrophages and CD4/CD8 T cell populations. The balance of T lymphocyte bomber sets CD4 and CD8 plays a cardinal function in the transition of host defense mechanism against mycobacterium and has a profound influence on the rate of arrested development of active pneumonic Terbium. Because of these all says that due to these all factors taken together, these surveies strongly back up the hypothesis that DM straight impairs the innate and adaptative immune responses necessary to counter the proliferation of TB. Medicines done a survey and identifies that the patients of the TB and diabetes have the issues of nonadherence, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, inauspicious drug reactions and single patientaa‚ ¬a„?s medicine related jobs. On of the possible grounds of the hapless gulucose control is discussed by Ruslami, Aarnoutse, Alisjahbana, Ven and Crevel ( 2010 ) and says that the Plasma degrees of several antidiabetic drugs are significantly lower when co-administered with rifampicin. Campbell et Al. ( 2001 ) says that rifampicin is one of the most powerful and wide spectrum antibiotics against bacterial pathogens and is a cardinal constituent of anti-TB therapy. Patients of diabetes and TB have a higher hazard of decease and intervention backsliding It is highlighted from the surveies that diabetic patient with TB have the poorer intervention results and, have the higher hazard of decease among these patients. Sullivan and Amor ( 2012 ) study that sputum civilizations at the completion of 6 months of TB intervention were 22.2 % positive in the diabetic patients and 6.9 % of those without diabetes. Furthermore it is revealed that the comparative hazard of decease of 1.89 among TB patients with diabetes when compared to non-diabetic patients. Restrepo et al. , ( 2011 ) says that the nexus between these two diseases may go even more meaningful in coming old ages, as the prevalence of fleshiness and diabetes are expected to lift dramatically in the resource-poor countries where TB thrives. research that diabetes increases the hazard of failure, decease and backsliding among patients with TB. Furthermore suggests that there is a demand for increased attending to intervention of TB in people with diabetes. More over to better the qual ity of attention among the TB patients proving for suspected diabetes, improved glucose control, and increased clinical and curative monitoring. Principles of Management of Co-existent Tuberculosis A ; Diabetes and Prophylaxis: Niazi and Kalra ( 2012 ) . Proper guidance is critical sing disease class of patients with co-existing DM A ; TB.Patients with terrible DM along with TB should be started on insulin therapy A ; one time stabilized, shifted to unwritten hypoglycaemic agents ( OHA ) . Mild Diabetes needs merely OHA. Vigorous A ; good chemotherapy is indispensable. Adverse effects of drugs need close monitoring. Isoniazid ( INH ) demands particular attending with compulsory disposal of vitamin B6 ( vitamin B6 ) . Patients with co-existant disease may necessitate drawn-out intervention, depending on diabetes control A ; intervention response.The Amercian thoracic society recommended in 1986, 22 that diabetics, peculiarly ill controlled Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ( IDDM ) patients, should be given INH prophylaxis. Role of primary chemoprophylaxis and secondary prophylaxis in our community needs to be discussed. Corris, Unwin and Critchley ( 2012 ) . Stevenson, C. , Stevenson, A. R. , Critchey, J. A. , Forouhi, N. , Roglic, G. , Williams, B. G. , et Al. ( 2007 ) . Decision With increasing rates of fleshiness and diabetes worldwide and continued high rates of TB in low-income states, we can anticipate that the figure of persons who have both TB and diabetes mellitus will increase markedly in the coming decennaries. More research in this mostly ignored country would hence be good. The nexus between TB ( TB ) and diabetes mellitus ( DM ) has occupied the centre phase of treatment. Experts have raised concern about the unifying epidemics of TB and diabetes peculiarly in the low to medium income states like India and China that have the highest load of TB in the universe, and are sing the fastest addition in the prevalence of DM. There is good grounds that DM makes a significant part to TB incidence. The immense prevalence of DM in India, may be lending to the increasing prevalence of TB. This reappraisal looks at the nexus between these two meeting epidemics. We discuss the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, microbiology and radiology, and direction and intervention results of patients with TB and diabetes mellitus. How to cite The Topic In Pakistani Perspective Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Document of Destiny Constitution of Federation

Question: Discuss about the Document of Destiny Constitution of Federation. Answer: Introduction: Federal Constitution enjoys the status of the highest law in Malaysia. Actually it is based on the Constitution of the Federation of Malaya. It has been prepared by the Reid Commission that was headed by Lord William Reid for creating a Constitution for preparing Federation of Malaya which was independent and fully self-governing. The Reid Commission to the viewpoints of several different political parties as well as nonpolitical organizations and individuals for coming up with appropriate governance structure that was suitable for the country (Sheridan and Groves, 2004). In February 1957, Reid Commission report was made available. In this report, the Commission has recommended that the Constitution should safeguard the rights of the individuals and it should also make sure a democratic way of life. For the purpose of achieving the objective of identical rights, the Constitution was created by the Reid Commission by giving importance of four main features of the Constitution. These w ere Federation, entrenched human rights, separation of powers and the constitutional amendment procedure. It was tried that the Constitution should be devised by adapting the constitutional concepts of Britain and India. Efforts were made by the Reid commission to maintain a balance between individual rights and restrictions. But it is not as simple as said. Complete freedom regarding basic liberties as provided by the Constitution of Britain is not present in the Federal Constitution (Neoh, 2008). The main reason is the multi-racial people of Malaysia and the rebellion of communists during that era. For the upkeep of public order, individual rights have been restricted. In view of these features, the proposals of the Reid Commission were modified and the appeal in part P of the Federal Constitution under the title, Fundamental Liberties. Although the concepts of Federalism and constitutional monarchy have been adopted but the report of the Reid commission also contained provisions that protect the particular rights for the Malays like quota in higher education and civil services. The official religion has been mentioned as Islam. The special position of Malay language has also been accepted and the right of having regular education in Chinese and Tamil have been provided protection in the report (Bari and Shuaib, 2009). In this way, the Reid Commissioned tried to provide the fundamental individual rights as the essential element of the constitution of an autonomous country. For example, the guarantees of fundamental liberties that have been provided to the people of Malaysia by the federal Constitution are not allowed to be taken away irresponsibly. As provided in Article 10 of the Federal Constitution, every single thing said by others is protected by a guarantee of freedom of speech and expression but within the confines prescribed by the Constitution. This freedom permits the people to freely convey their opinions regarding any subject and sans any fear for the result. It is obvious that the basic liberties that have been provided by the Constitution are appropriately balanced for the purpose of embracing and preserving the multiracial society of the country (Khoo, 2009). Today, the freedom of speech has been provided in Malaysia. Nonetheless, the freedom that has been granted by the federal commission cannot be described as total. There are many acts of laws that restrict this freedom so we get to the society. Some of the examples that can be given in this regard are the Defamation Act, 1957; the Printing Presses and Publications Act, 1984; The Sedition Act, 1948 and the Internal Security Act and Police Act, 1967 that have placed some restrictions on this freedom in a particular way. Therefore, generally the people of Malaysia free to speak whatever they want to but at the same time they should not exceed the limit that has replaced by different laws in this regard (Carroll, 2009). More or less, the historical background had sound effect on the forming of the Federal Constitution. Being a multiracial society, there are several facets that have to be taken care of. The result is that absolute freedom cannot be provided to all the people in Malaysia. The freedom of speech and expression provided by the Constitution of Malaysia is more restricted after the incident of May 13 racial riots. It is important that the requirements and feelings of all the parties concerned should be kept in mind and at the same time, the security of the people is also an important issue (Shad, 2008). After the riots that took place on May 13, 1969, certain changes have been introduced in the Sedition Act in 1970. The issues like the language, particular place of the Bumiputras and the sovereignty of the rulers cannot be raised. All these issues have been made a part of the list of seditious substance. For instance in Mark Koding v Public Prosecutor (1982) and Public Prosecutor v Mark Koding (1983) it was found that a Member Parliament, Mark Koding was held responsible for telling seditious alterations to Article 152 of the Constitution as he had suggested that the Chinese/Tamil language schools need to be put an end to and in the same way, the use of Chinese/Tamil on the road signs ought to be discontinued. The contents suggested by Mark Koding were considered to be said the shares and offending. In case of homogeneous democratic societies like Malaysia, the racial and language issues particularly need to be taken care of. On the other hand, excessive freedom of speech provided i n describing such matters can simply result in stirring up the dissatisfaction of the other communities in the country and therefore it may result in race riots in the country. It needs to be mentioned that although the people of Malaysia have never asked for the total freedom of speech, it appears that the limitations go beyond the confines. Such a situation is detrimental for the freedom of speech in the country. Although the legislations have been enacted for the reason of national security but it has been seen that most of the victims of these legislation for the members of opposition and the journalists who have used their rights entirely as the citizens of Malaysia and to perform, their role in the society. Hence it is important that the government should make sure that these legislations are not abused. In the end, it can be said that there individual rights like the freedom of speech and expression but at the same time the freedom provided by the federal constitution is not absolute. It cannot be denied that the individual rights fall among the foundations of a democratic society. However, too much individual freedom may result in unexpected happenings like the racial riots that took place on May 13, 1969. In a multiracial society as is present in Malaysia, it is important to carefully take note of every single word as may offend or had the feelings of others. The government plays a noteworthy role in enforcing the law and had the same time ensuring that there is no abuse of law. Every person has equal rights to do whatever they want to do but at the same time, they should also make sure that they do not break the law as mentioned in the Federal Constitution for the purpose of protecting each other. References Bari A.A. and Shuaib, S.F. (2009) Constitution of Malaysia Text and Commentary, Pearson Malaysia Carroll, A. B. (2009) AStruggle with Faith: Freedom of Religion in Malaysia. Religion and Human Rights, volume 4, numbers 23, 101106 Khoo, A. (2009) Human Rights in Malaysia: The Last 10Years. LAW. Panel Discussion, Malaysian Human Rights Day Neoh, J. (2008) Islamic State and the Common Law in Malaysia: ACase Study of Lina Joy. Global Jurist 8.2 Shad S. F. (2008), Document of Destiny The Constitution of the Federation of Malaysia, Shah Alam, Star Publications Sheridan L. A. Groves, H.E. (2004) The Constitution of Malaysia, 5th Edition, by KC Vohrah, Philip TN Koh and Peter SW Ling, LexisNexi Mark Koding v Public Prosecutor [1982] 2 MLJ 120 Public Prosecutor v Mark Koding [1983] 1 MLJ 111